"Evidence/Logos" and Speech Topic

In the book the Art of Great Speeches the term "Evidence" as it relates to a speech/speech-writing is defined as the most important part of the speech and should be presented in an interesting and appealing manner. In the opening of the chapter it is suggested that a great speech requires more than appeal to the emotion of the audience, showcase the speaker's personality, and exhibit style. A great speech also requires: purpose, substance, structure, evidence, and logic; or what the Greeks referred to as logos. The chapter addresses divisions of a speech, classifications of a speech, and how facts should be used to have the greatest impact in a speech. Evidence/logos within a speech is essential in order for the audience to receive the central message of the speech and to follow the call of action. Generally, the preconception of an audience member is not easily pushed aside. If a speech is difficult to follow and if the argument is fairly weak, the audience member will find it easy to dismiss the speaker's ideas. On the other hand, an organized, clear, and logical argument will be difficult for an audience member to ignore. When combined with a good ethos and pathos, a strong logos will evoke the most stubborn audience member to strongly reconsider his/her ideas. 

For my speech topic I will be writing on Veterans and PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). I am a military veteran and I know of many fellow veterans who suffer with this mental health issue. I feel that the level of awareness for PTSD isn't as raised as it should be. I also feel that the types of  treatment for PTSD should be more in depth and accessible to those who suffer. I want to expand my knowledge of and help bring awareness to PTSD others.

20 Speech Topics

1. Life as a student

2. Women in politics

3. The benefits of exercising

4. The life cycle of frog/butterfly

5. What you should know about PTSD (Post

    Traumatic Stress Disorder)

6. Impact of social networks in our daily life

7. Human migration on Mars

8. The negative effects on children from violence in

    the media

9. The link between the fast food industry and

    increased obesity rates in America

10. Ways to manage stress

11. Gun Control: Good or Bad?

12. The Green Movement: Solutions for sustainability

      of the planet

13. The Big Bang Theory: Origination of the Universe

      or Not?

14. The importance and benefits of recycycling

15. Beauty is only skin deep: How has the definition

     of beauty evolved through the years

16. World fashion: What's in? What's out?

17. Why is reading important

18. Robots are going to take over the world

19. The importance of higher education

20. We should teach magic to children in schools

Differences and Similarities of Malcolm X's and MLK's Use of Character in Their Speeches

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. are notable African American individuals in history. They both stood up for what they believed in but in different ways. Malcolm X's and MLK's use of character within their speeches displayed differences and similarities. The use of character was different in that Malcolm X was a Muslim and believed in Muslim principles. Malcolm X spoke to African Americans with a sense of urgency. He believed that white people were the enemies and to dismiss them and arm themselves for war. He believed in fighting back physically. His most famous line, "By any means necessary." Whatever had to be done to get freedom and fair treatment he was all for it whether it be violence or nonviolence. MLK's peaceful protests helped him rise to national fame. MLK followed the Christian faith. Although he may have been physically attacked he never reacted with violence. MLK wanted all the races to come together and for hatred and violence to be put to a halt. He felt that justice could be done through nonviolent protesting, passive resistance, and what he called "weapons of love." 

Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed their views through assertive, hard-hitting, powerful speeches. Both men passionately expressed their views on race and equality. Both men had a vision and exhibited the true qualities of a leader. They stood up for something that few people of their race did at this time. Both men used their religious background in attempt to create protests and demonstrations for the advancement of African Americans.They preached and fought for the rights of African Americans during the 1960s. They were the voice of their people, and although they took different approaches, the end result being freedom, was kept in sight by both men. They are remembered as men who tried to instill strength and power to their people so that they could overcome all the hatred that surrounded them.

Emotional Speech-writing Activity: Storytelling

Opening to Sydney's speech:

Thank you ladies and gentlemen, My name is Sydney Smith. I am 15 years old. I attend Lee High School in Huntsville, Alabama. I am the oldest of four children. My younger siblings and I live with our mother in a small 3 bedroom apartment. Since our father passed away of colon cancer two years ago my mother has been working  two jobs to care and provide for my siblings and I. I really love school and I enjoy learning. I have always been a straight A student. All of my teachers tell me that I'm very smart and that I shouldn't have any problem being accepted into the best colleges in the country. Two months ago a college fair was held at my high school. I was very excited to meet all of the college representatives and learn about the highlights of each individual college. I collected several college brochures and took them home to share with my mother. I couldn't wait to share my excitement with her. I waited up for my mother to come home from work. I knew she was tired having worked a double shift but I had to share the college brochures with her. Upon reading the highlights and listening to my information about each individual college her smile begin to fade away. She said that she was so very proud of me and that it was her dream for me to attend college. She then explained to me that with the overwhelming costs of living expenses, needs of my siblings and I, growing debt, and paying for the medical bills that were accumulated before my father passed away the added expense of college tuition seemed impossible  It is a dream of mine to attend college someday. However, with the rising costs of college tuition my dream is becoming a nightmare. Surely, there must be something that can be done. Surely, I can't be the only student in this position. Surely, this should not be. 

Analysis:

In the opening to Sydney's speech I am using the emotional strategy of storytelling. Through storytelling Sydney is able to get closer to her audience by telling them what she is going through and some of the challenges in her life. She is telling her story in hopes that the audience will understand the point that she is trying to make in her speech regarding the rising costs of college tuition. She wants the audience to be able to identify with her situation or put themselves in her shoes. By telling the audience her dream to go to college and that her dream may be impossible due to her background and the rising costs of college tuition, she wants to motivate and spark a call for action in the hearts and minds of those who are in a position to bring about change.

This is an effective emotional beginning because Sydney connects with the audience and let's the audience know that she is human. Although she is young, she has a valid concern that needs to be addressed and needs action. Emotions will help the audience remember this young girl who has aspirations of attending college. When she says, "Surely this should not be" she is making an attempt to make an emotional impact on the audience. She wants the audience to take action so that she and many others who are in her position will have the opportunity to fulfill their  dream by attending college without drowning in a sea of debt. 

Emotion Analysis

From observing the speeches in class, I would say the most effective use of emotion that I have seen/heard are compassion and hope. Given the context of each speech, either a single event has taken place or several events have taken place over time which the speaker declares a call for a change and/or restoring hope to the people. The speaker begins their speech by shedding light on a sad event or the troubling times to show compassion in effort that the audience will feel compassion as well. The speaker changes the tone of the speech by emphasizing a a call for change and instilling hope in the audience.

In the movie "Chariots of Fire" the speech given by Eric Liddell has an overall theme of hope and faith. He compared faith to running a competitive race. He is able to make the connection of the high and low points of running a race to the high and low points of life to the workers in the audience. In his speech he says,"It's hard. It requires concentration of will, energy of soul. You experience elation when the winner breaks the tape -- 'specially if you've got a bet on it. But how long does that last? You go home. Maybe your dinner's burnt. Maybe, maybe you haven't got a job. So who am I to say, "believe," "have faith," in the face of life's realities?" He then goes on to say that there isn't a formula for running a race and likewise there isn't a formula for being successful in life. Everyone must run their race in his or her own way. Everyone must live their life in his or her own way. In spite of setbacks and challenges you must have faith in the Lord and finish the race. The Lord will give you the strength and fight to power on through the race. The Lord will also give you the strength and fight to power on through life no matter the challenging circumstances you may encounter. The emotion of compassion and hope are effective in this moment because the speaker is conveying to the audience that he knows of the challenges that people may be encountering in their personal lives but they must have faith in the Lord to carry on. 

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - "I Have A Dream" Speech

The "I Have A Dream" speech by Martin Luther King is remembered as one of the best speeches ever given. His elevated rhetoric calling for racial justice and an integrated civilization became a chant for the black community. His voice became the benchmark for understanding the social and political disruption of the time and gave the nation the words to express what was happening during this time. The key message in his speech is that all people are created equal and, although this was not the case in America at the time, Martin Luther King felt it must be the case for the future. He delivered his speech passionately and powerfully.

Martin Luther King's forum for giving this speech consisted of two components. The first being a call for action. The first half of his speech portrays not an idealized American dream but a picture of a turbulent American nightmare of racial injustice. He emphasizes "now is the time" to bring awareness and raise consciousness to the oppressed black community and inequality. The second component being the resolution or "the dream," for a better future of racial equality,harmony, and integration. His speech had a very strong message for white people and hints at revolution but as a whole the speech was mostly about peace and offering a vision everyone could buy into. At the end of his speech he brings in a unifying closing theme about freedom.

Sarah Palin's Republican National Convention Speech Analysis

In my opinion I feel Sarah Palin's speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention was suitable and captivated her intended audience. I'm not a supporter of Sarah Palin nor do I agree with many of her ideologies and political views. However, while watching and listening to her speech I took an objective approach of analysis. Although I felt her speech was sarcastic and excessive at times, she was able to achieve what she set out to do and for that reason I feel her speech was successful. With several "Go USA!" chants and "I'm an ordinary person just like you!" stories she was able to grasp the audience's attention and pull them in.

One line from her speech that stood out to me was, "I love to drive myself to work. And I thought we could muddle through without the governor's personal chef, although I got to admit that sometimes my kids sure miss her." In this line I feel that she is trying to convey that she is an ordinary person just like everyone else. She is saying that she can do without the personal luxuries and services that the common folk don't have at their disposal. She is saying that she loves to do all the common tasks that everyone else does and she is not above doing these tasks. This line was effective because it appealed to a broad group of common people.  The audience and supporters want to feel that they have someone who is on their side and someone that they can relate to. In this line and essentially throughout her speech her underlying message is "Hey, I'm just like all of you!" Upon hearing this line the audience applauds and cheers for her.